This paper looks in depth at whether the MoU and LoGA will provide the basis for sustainable peace in Aceh.  Using data from the Expenditure Analysis, and other fieldwork, it argues that over the medium- to long-run, the key challenges for securing peace in Aceh is ensuring resources and political power are equally and transparently distributed within Aceh.  Ensuring such ‘internal equality' is at least as important as tackling ‘center-periphery inequality'.  This requires building strong, just, accessible and legitimate institutions with a focus on delivering services, fighting corruption, improving transparency, increasing capacity and ensuring participation. International actors can support this by engaging directly with the state and by helping to create an enabling environment that allows good governance to flourish.  Long-term engagement, working with a diverse renage of partners, and local understanding are key.